Influential Colonisation And Its Impact On Contemporary...

Outlined by this quote, that although in terms of times colonialism is a small section of African history, it has left an imprint throughout the continent. This essay will look at how influential colonisation is in contemporary Africa, there are two main groups of scholars who argue how influential colonialism was in Africa the first is outlined by Gann and Duigan and they hold the view that the colonial era was ‘the most decisive for the future of Africa’. The alternative school of thought is held by British scholar A.G. Hopkins, who believed that colonial rule was less influential than first thought and was more an event which speeded up a process which was already underway. To assess how much of an impact colonialism had on†¦show more content†¦Due to this these boundaries have caused weak societies due to a disarticulation between state and society. Conflict scholar, David Francis argued that these weak societies formed by the colonisers have been the main catalyst behind the ethnic conflicts that took place in past few decades in Africa especially in the more heterogeneous states. This view is limited when looking at African history as conflicts have constantly occurred, including the period before colonialism between different tribes such as the rise of the Zulus in the early 19th century. Although the Berlin Conference may have played a role in ethnic conflicts, these conflicts are part of African history and has not been unique to the Africa since colonialism with several ethnic conflicts taken place before the war. The social implications of colonialism appear to have played a negative, but influential role in contemporary Africa. Colonialism still affects Africa today as shown by the borders still in place from the Berlin Conference but it is important not to overstress this and solely put the blame on colonialism. Some scholars have downplayed the significance of the social effect of the Berlin Conference in favour of political legacies left by colonialism. Leading African scholar Mahmood Mamdani suggests that the drawing of borders is not as pivotal as first thought. As no borders are neutral and thus all are artificial; stressing that the main effect of colonisation was the politicalShow MoreRelatedEssay on Different Types of English Spoken Throughout the World1038 Words   |  5 Pagesever growing since the time of colonisation. English was initiated by Anglo- Frisian dialect (Crystal, 2003). Due to British colonisation, the dialect of English has become a global language and other languages cannot compete with it (Rani, 2005). There are many types of English spoken around the world, for example: Australian English, American English and British English. This shows that powerful countries use the dialect of English, thus making the language influential. Powerful countries for instanceRead M oreThe Postcolonial Of Amitav Ghosh s Novels Let Us Begin3362 Words   |  14 Pageswill try to understand the postcolonial perspective in Amitav Ghosh’s fictional works. As Peter Barry observes in his Beginning Theory, postcolonial criticism emerged as a distinct category only in the 1990s. It has gained prominence through the influential books like In Other Worlds (Gayatri Spivak, 1987), the Empire Writes Back (Bill Ashcroft, 1989), Nation and Narration (Homi Bhabha, 1990) and Culture and Imperialism (Edward Said, 1993). A recurring feature of postcolonial writing is the attemptRead MoreChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 Pagesnews from the Nordic Africa Institute from the Nordic Africa Institute numBer 3 novemBer 2007 from the contents china and Africa Fantu Cheru theme: AfricAn Agriculture Agriculture and the World Bank Atakilte Beyene Property rights Kjell Havnevik Tor A. 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The developmental history of language in British colonies like Canada or Australia is extremely different from that of the West Indies. The settlers predominantly from the British Isles spoke English and automatically passed

What is sovereignty Free Essays

The idea of sovereignty is the idea of someone holding supreme power. For example in the United Kingdom we have parliamentary sovereignty. This means that parliament holds supreme power in the land with no constraints. We will write a custom essay sample on What is sovereignty? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However sovereignty is affected and controlled by certain things such as public opinion and outside influences including the media etc. That is why although sovereignty gives supreme power to the bearer it can sometimes be restricted by uncontrollable means. However ultimately, if remove all other influences and theories, sovereignty is the word used to describe something that is given to someone or something to hold supreme power, and this power should technically be un-unquestionable, that is the idea of sovereignty. Where is sovereignty located in the UK? The monarch originally always held sovereignty. However in 1649 after the English civil war sovereignty in the UK was handed over to parliament after the execution of Charles I, and the running of the country became a dictatorship under Oliver Cromwell. Ever since then, although the monarch is still head of state, parliament has always held supreme power in the land. The monarch still holds theoretical powers such as the command of the army but in practice these powers belong to the executive and ultimately the Prime Minister. Unlike the American presidential system where the President forms only one third of the three areas of power, the British system relies on a majority to form the government. This can sometimes be a problem as the majority party holds all powers because the house of commons makes legislation and the house of lords can only block legislation for so long. The only person in theory that can stop a law being passed is the queen but this would be very unpopular so in practice is not done. Although the House of Commons and ultimately the executive hold supreme power, whilst we are a part of the European Union we must follow the laws and guidelines set by them. This was shown when be introduced the Human Rights Act after the EU had made it law. So although in theory the UK could leave the EU if it really disagreed with something, in practice this would not be economically or politically viable and so we are bound by their laws. So although sovereignty ultimately rests with the executive, the monarch still has to agree to laws and the monarch still holds military powers but these are never used in practice. The only constraint to sovereignty is the EU that we could technically leave at anytime. So practically sovereignty in the UK is located within the government but in theory the EU can say ‘no’ to our legislation. This is where sovereignty is located in the UK. Why has the UK’s un-codified constitution been criticised? Over the years the UK’s un-written or un-codified constitution has been criticised. This criticism has not only come from countries with a codified constitution but also within the UK as well. Although the UK constitution is un-codified it has however been around longer than any constitution in the entire world. This says that that fact that it has never been fully written down means that it has had a chance to evolve and so last for a long period of time. Some may argue that the American codified constitution was a necessity, as after the American war of independence the Americans needed a quick constitution straight away in order to run the country. There is no way that a country could have been set up without a codified constitution. The advantage of a codified constitution is that all of the information is there and cannot be removed unless two thirds of the government/senate agree. Acts can only be amended. This could also pose as a disadvantage as a law that needed to be passed quickly would take at least a week to go through all of the houses to be added to the constitution. The advantage of an un-codified constitution is that not everything is in black and white. This is where we get conventions and case law. As not everything in the constitution is set in stone, if something were to be ambiguous then it could be taken to court for a ruling. Also we have conventions that are things that we do but are not written down. The advantage of having an un-codified constitution is that in an emergency and act or law can be added pr removed completely within twenty-four hours as no government can bind another government. So basically there are both advantages and disadvantages of both systems. With an un-codified constitution not everything is set in stone so things can be adjusted from case to case and also it is very quick and easy to change. The disadvantage to this is that this gives a lot of power to the executive and in theory they could run a dictatorship with no one to stop them. This is an advantage of a codified constitution because it is not very easily change and so does not give a lot of power to a few people. The disadvantage of this system is that things take a long time to change and can never be completely removed. Despite both the advantages and disadvantages of both of the systems, each system works best for the country that uses it. So all the UK’s constitution has been criticised it obviously works because it has lasted for such a long period of time. How to cite What is sovereignty?, Papers

My Addiction free essay sample

Essay prompt: Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you? I hunch over the dimly lit desk in my bedroom, my thumb poised to push the plunger of the syringe I clutch tightly. Before I send the dark red liquid out of the blunted needle, I breathe deeply, preparing for the ritual rush of exhilaration. I am cut short by the door opening. â€Å"What are you doing?† My mom stands in the doorway with a questioning look. I hold up the fountain pen I’m refilling with oxblood-red ink, and her surprised eyebrows quickly relax. â€Å"Okay, when you’re done, please get your laundry out of the basement so I can do mine.† I smile and nod, too engrossed in my project to formulate a coherent response. It is Saturday evening, pen maintenance day, and nothing can distract me from my paradise. We will write a custom essay sample on My Addiction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My desk is my true home, my office supply center, a Staples-away-from-Staples. The cabinets above the desk house dozens of ink bottles, hundreds of ink samples, and a fleet of fountain pens. Diluted ammonia and old T-shirts meant for cleanup live on their own shelf, ready to be pulled out at a moment’s notice. I finish filling the Pilot pen in my hand and put away the bottle of ink. HP Premium LaserJet 32 paper is retrieved from the top drawer of my cabinet, and I begin the real work. When the 14k nib of my Pilot pen touches the paper, I let out a long sigh of contentment. The reddish-brown ink flows from the pen smoothly, leaving behind swirls of color. I write a pangram to give myself an impression of the color and the ink’s properties before writing my review. I test the waterproof quality, saturation, and bleed-through, giving each property a rating. Once I use cotton swabs to lay down thick lines of color onto the paper, I can compare the new ink to others I have tried. I use my handheld scanner to digitize my handwritten review before opening up my laptop. â€Å"11,518 views,† my blog dashboard reads. I grin and click the â€Å"New Post† button. A few keyboard strokes and mouse clicks later, my â€Å"Diamine Oxblood Ink Review† is online and ready to view. I shut the tab and open up the Fountain Pen Network forums. After ogling over pictures of limited-edition Montblanc pens and Waterman inks, I check the price tags and close my laptop. Before I can get back to writing out song lyrics and history notes with my well-loved utensils, I run downstairs to get my laundry from the washing machine.